Enforcing policies in wireless communication using exchanged identities

ABSTRACT

Techniques for facilitating the exchange of information and transactions between two entities associated with two wireless devices when the devices are in close proximity to each other. A first device uses a first short range wireless capability to detect an identifier transmitted from a second device in proximity, ideally using existing radio capabilities such as Bluetooth (IEEE802.15.1-2002) or Wi-Fi (IEEE802.11). The detected identifier, being associated with the device, is also associated with an entity. Rather than directly exchanging application data flow between the two devices using the short range wireless capability, a second wireless capability allows for one or more of the devices to communicate with a central server via the internet, and perform the exchange of application data flow. By using a central server to draw on stored information and content associated with the entities the server can broker the exchange of information between the entities and the devices.

RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/015,306filed on Jan. 27, 2011 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.No. 12/364,897 filed on Feb. 3, 2009 which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/095,001, entitled “Central Server EnabledProximity Based Applications Utilizing Both Short Range, and Wide AreaWireless Radios”, filed on Sep. 8, 2008 and U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/095,359, entitled “Central Server Enabled Proximity BasedApplications Utilizing Both Short Range, and Wide Area Wireless Radios”,filed on Sep. 9, 2008. The entire teachings of the above applicationsare incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Several key internet applications have become increasingly popular inrecent years. A current trend in internet usage involves socialnetworking. Social networking involves making use of internet serviceswhich allow for the interaction and sharing of information between usersof service.

Recently, mobile wireless communication standards have progressed to thepoint where relatively high speed data connections are possible to thephone over the wireless wide area network (WWAN). These standardsinclude 1xEV-DO, HSDPA, EDGE, GPRS, Wi-Max (IEEE802.16e) and the like.Some social networking sites have included interfaces to their web sitesoptimized to make use of such high data rate mobile services for use ona mobile phone. These services are referred to as mobile socialnetworking. For the most part, these services are simply versions of thestandard social networking, redesigned to be usable on a mobile phone,adding little in the way of increased capability.

With the common capability of global positioning system (GPS) receiversbeing incorporated into phones, some additional capabilities have beenadded to some mobile social networking interfaces by incorporatinglocation information for the user and that of the individual theyinteract with.

These services are utilizing GPS to determine the location of one mobilewireless user and to another to facilitate mobile social networking. Anexample of an existing application utilizing this approach is Loopt(www.loopt.com), which coordinates location based social interaction.One problem with GPS based mobile application involves the GPS receivernot receiving sufficient signal strength in many indoor locations. As aresult these enhanced capabilities have typically been targeted ateither navigation to a specified location, or as in the case with Loopt,allowing a user to see where their friends are located in a relativelylarge geographic location, on a map.

Another popular application for the internet is electronic commerce.Just as with social network, e-commerce services have providedinterfaces optimized for use on mobile phones which provide basicallythe same capabilities as the standard interfaces. Very little locationor proximity information has been used to enhance the mobile e-commerceexperience.

Some attempts have been made to utilize RFID (Radio FrequencyIdentification) chips to perform mobile payments. This approach requiresthe additional hardware on a phone in the form of a RFID chip, or otherspecialized features. As a result, mobile electronic commerce has mostlyallowed users to perform transaction with a remote party, such aspurchasing an item on ebay (www.ebay.com). To date mobile electronicpayments for individuals who are in close proximity to each other havenot been practical for a number of reasons. First there is a need forthe individuals to have a third trusted party to help facilitate theelectronic transaction. Secondly, there needs to be a convenient,electronically secure, personally secure and anonymous method for eachof the individuals to specify the party with which they wish to engagein a transaction. Thirdly, there is a need to cross validate theidentities of the individuals engaged in the transaction. Finally, thismethod must work in indoors locations.

Most mobile phones on the market today support at least two wirelessstandards; one for the cellular wireless wide area network connection(WWAN) and one for a wireless personal or local area network (WPAN,WLAN). The cellular connection or WWAN is utilized for voice and dataand can adhere to many different standards such as CDMA (IS-2000), GSM,W-CDMA, WiMax, etc. The WPAN or WLAN connection is typically for shortrange communications and is often used for wireless hands free devices,such as headsets, peripherals, or higher speed internet connections. Thetypical standards used for the sort range wireless communicationsinclude Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and in some cases Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB).

In another approach to mobile social networking some services haveattempted to utilize short range wireless capabilities often availableon phones such as IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi) or Bluetooth to facilitate peer topeer communications. These are also referred to a MANETs or MobileAd-hoc Networks. These services typically consist of a softwareapplication operating on a mobile phone using peer to peer networks tofacilitate communication between wireless devices. Examples of suchexisting applications include Mobile-Cheddar, Peer-2-Me, and Flobbi.Published US Patent application US 2008/0182591 A1 filed Dec. 13, 2007describes one such peer to peer approach. One issue with theseapproaches is that one can not communicate with a peer once the devicesare no longer in proximity. A further disadvantage is that allinformation to be exchanged must be stored locally on each of the peerdevices as the communication occurs directly between the two devices andany policy for the delivery of locally stored content is difficult toenforce without the potential for fraud such as spoofing identitiesbetween the peers. Such fraud may lead to concerns of personal safety orprivacy allowing the identity of an individual to be determined when itis not desired. Further this peer to peer model is inadequate for mobileelectronic commerce in part due to the lack of an independent thirdparty to facilitate the services required for a secure proximity basedmobile electronic transaction as previously mentioned.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is generally concerned with facilitating theexchange of information and transactions between two entities associatedwith two wireless devices when the devices are in close proximity toeach other utilizing both a short range and a long range wirelesscapability.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are generally concernedwith facilitating the exchange of information and transactions betweentwo entities associated with two wireless devices when the devices arein close proximity to each other. In one embodiment, this can beaccomplished by a first device using a first short range wirelesscapability to detect an identifier transmitted from a second device inproximity to the first device, ideally using existing short range radiocommunication standard capabilities such as Bluetooth(IEEE802.15.1-2002) or Wi-Fi (IEEE802.11). The detected identifier,being associated with the device, is also associated with an entity.Rather than directly exchanging application data flow between the twodevices using the short range wireless capability, a second wirelesscapability then allows for one or more of the devices to communicatewith a central server via the internet, and perform an exchange ofapplication data flow. By using a central server to draw on storedinformation and content associated with the entity or entities, theserver can broker the exchange of information between the entities andthe devices. In a preferred embodiment, this exchange may be comprisedof information stored on the server associated with a detected entity,and it may be comprised of information received from the detected devicevia the second wireless capability and facilitated by the server.

In addition, the server can also allow for a brokering service, ideallyindependent of the entities, to enable the application of policy basedon the identity of the two entities for the disclosure of storedinformation associated with the entities, the flow in informationbetween the devices and the entities, and the enablement of proceduressuch as security verification between the entities.

Applications running on a device may also interact with the server toperform various functions, for example retrieving information associatedwith an entity or device, by utilizing a detected identifier. Suchinformation may include stored content associated with the entity'saccount record such as music, pictures, links to social networkingsites, instant messaging addresses, advertising content, and evenexecutable scripts or application such as in AJAX. An example of such anapplication may include the detection of a device's identifier in afixed location allowing for tour guide like information to be providedfor that location.

As the server may be running applications which perform more functionthan just the retrieval of content, a pre-defined interaction processmay also be applied by the server to the devices such as allowing theapproval to share private content with the entity associated with thedetected device. This process may eventually allow or disallow thesharing of information and to facilitate the interacting with anotherentity.

As a more complex example, in other embodiments, the devices may utilizethe server as a third party to provide for new capabilities such as asecure three way e-commerce transaction between two entities. In thismore complex process, the server may require confirmation of eachparty's identity with visual cross verification of the parties usingpictures or other unique identifiers. The server may use this visualcross verification in conjunction with detecting that the individualsare in proximity with each other. The server may verify the proximityusing GPS or using the peer to peer detection process in anotherembodiment. Further, the server may facilitate a process requiring eachparty to perform a step by step confirmation during the transactionincluding the stages of: the request for purchase, the payment, thereceipt of goods and services, and the providing of payment receipt.

This differs from the approaches employed by prior art location awaremobile social networking techniques in that no GPS is needed todetermine when one device is in proximity to another. Many wirelessdevices in use are not GPS-capable, and even when they are, GPS willoften not operate indoors or where the GPS signal is weak. Using a peerto peer detection process to locate nearby devices allows for theoperation of proximity detection indoors.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention can also differ fromknown peer to peer based social networking in that the information flowbetween the devices running the applications are over the wide areanetwork via a central server, rather than carried over the peer to peernetwork itself. An example of this is a service called Flobbi, asdiscussed previously, where community members can identify each othervia Bluetooth transmissions, then interact with chat. The messaging inthis case is carried over Bluetooth itself. A distinction from such peerto peer approaches is the use of a central server to “broker” thetransactions between peers, enhancing the ability to manage security andinformation disclosure. Such use allows for the opportunity to customizedelivered content to include elements such as advertising or othercontent customized to the recipient based on additional information suchas known personal purchasing history, or interests.

A further distinction of the preferred embodiment is the use of acentral server to determine identities of detected peer devices, whichadditionally allows for secure and fraud resistant application ofpolicies for the disclosure of information and content. An issue withthe existing pure peer to peer approaches is that they are not capableof enforcing policy associated with the disclosure of information tounknown entities in a secure and fraud resistant manor. One reason forthis is that information related to a user's device must be disclosed inthe process of detection in the form of a static identifier. By thenature of the identifier, it must be static or peers would not be ableto directly determine the identity of a friend over time with theinformation stored on their device. By using a central server, thesystem may coordinate the change of the identifiers from time to timesuch that the disclosure of an identifier by one device to another doesnot compromise the identity of the device. In this case the identifiermay be assigned from a central server and such server coordinate theidentifier's change from time to time.

Reliance on a central server also allows the secure and fraud resistantapplication of disclosure policy. Such policy might include theverification of the identity of the party to which information (identityand presence for instance) or content (pictures of the account owner) isto be provided. Such verification is performed in an anonymous way suchthat in the process of verifying information associated with each party,no personal information is disclosed between the parties prior tosatisfaction of some pre-set policy such as inclusion on a friend listor belonging to a specific group or organization. Another importantpolicy required for such services would be the determination of any pastnegative feed back ratings by other past peers for behavior for theparticular user to which the information is to be provided. Anindividual with significant poor ratings having detected a peer, may bedenied access to personal information or even notification of arrival ofthe detected peer based on the server policy setting by the detectedpeer or the server in general.

A further distinction is to enable electronic payments for individualswho are in close proximity to each other. The central server can act asa third trusted party to help facilitate the electronic transactionbetween the individuals. Secondly, the server allows for a convenient,electronically secure, personally secure and anonymous method for eachof the individuals to specify the party with which they wish to engagein a transaction. Thirdly, participants in a transaction can crossvalidate the identities of the individuals engaged in the transaction.Finally, because this method is proximity based it will also workindoors or in other situations where GPS location information is notavailable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing will be apparent from the following more particulardescription of example embodiments of the invention, as illustrated inthe accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer tothe same parts throughout the different views.

The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placedupon illustrating embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of two mobile devices utilizing a preferredembodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a fixed broadcast device and a mobiledevice.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the operation of an application on themobile devices.

FIG. 4 is a message sequence chart showing the Bluetooth discoveryprocess using in one embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a message sequence chart showing the Bluetooth Remote NameRequest Process.

FIG. 6 is a message sequence chart showing the IBSS beacon process.

FIG. 7 is a message sequence chart showing the interaction between theserver and two devices performing a detection and entering a chatapplication.

FIG. 8A is a message sequence chart showing an E-commerce example.

FIG. 8B is a continued example message sequence chart showing anE-commerce example.

FIG. 9 is a message sequence chart showing an example of a mobile deviceand a fixed broadcast device interaction.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram for the server processing associated with thedetection process.

FIG. 11 is an example individual account record stored in the serverassociated with an Entity.

FIG. 12 illustrates a timing reference for intermittent active anddormant times.

FIG. 13 shows a diagram of functional blocks associated with managementof dynamically assigned device identifiers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A description of example embodiments of the invention follows.

The teachings of all patents, published applications and referencescited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of two mobile devices utilizing a preferredembodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, a central server 100 is connected to devices 106and 108 by an internet protocol (IP) based network, carried over aseries of connections, at least one of which is a wireless connection.For example, the server 100 has a connection allowing IP basedcommunications to a cellular network 102 using connection 101. Thecellular network is connected to devices 106 and 108 by wide areawireless links 104 and 103 respectively, allowing for IP basedcommunications between the devices (106 and 108) and the server 100.

Devices 106, 108 can be considered “client(s)” of the server 100. Theclients 106, 108 and server 100 provide processing, storage, andinput/output devices for executing wireless system protocols,interfaces, and application level programs according to the invention.Client devices 106, 108 can also be linked through variouscommunications networks to other computing devices, including otherclient devices/processes and other server computer(s). Communicationsnetwork(s) providing the connection 101 can typically be part of aremote access network, a global network (e.g., the Internet), aworldwide collection of computers, Local area or Wide area networks, andgateways that currently use respective protocols (TCP/IP, 3G Wireless,Bluetooth, etc.). Other electronic device/computer network architecturesare suitable.

The internal structure of devices 106, 108 or server 100 includes one ormore data processors (not shown in detail) that are well known in theart to include a system bus for data transfer among the other internalcomponents of a computer system (e.g., processor, disk storage, memory,input/output ports, network ports, etc.). Attached to the bus are otherinput/output devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, displays, printers,speakers, network interfaces, etc.). Network interfaces allow thecomputer to connect to various other devices attached to a network.Memory provides volatile storage for computer software instructions anddata used to implement an embodiment of the present invention (e.g.,applications programs and the like). Disk storage can providenon-volatile storage for computer software instructions and data used toimplement an embodiment of the present invention.

In one embodiment, the invention may include a computer program productincluding a computer readable medium (e.g., a removable storage mediumsuch as one or more DVD-ROM's, CD-ROM's, diskettes, tapes, etc.) thatprovides at least a portion of the software instructions for theinvention system. Computer program product can be installed by anysuitable software installation procedure, as is well known in the art.In another embodiment, at least a portion of the software instructionsmay also be downloaded over a cable, communication and/or wirelessconnection. In other embodiments, the invention programs are a computerprogram propagated signal product 107 embodied on a propagated signal ona propagation medium (e.g., a radio wave, an infrared wave, a laserwave, a sound wave, or an electrical wave propagated over a globalnetwork such as the Internet, or other network(s)). Such carrier mediumor signals provide at least a portion of the software instructions forthe present invention.

More particularly, a given device 106, 108 uses a short range wirelesslink 107 such as a Bluetooth (IEEE802.15.1) or Wi-Fi (IEEE802.11) linkto detect the presence of other devices such as device 108, and uses thewide area wireless network connections 103, 104 such as IS-2000, WCDMA,GPRS, EDGE, LTE, Wi-Max (IEEE802.16), or the like to performcommunications to central server 100, and to perform the actualsubstantive communications between the wireless devices 106 and 108.Device 108 typically uses the short range wireless link 107 and widearea wireless link 103 in a similar manner to locate and initiatecommunicate with device 106. One distinction relative to prior art isthat the short range wireless 107 is only used for the detectionprocess, or to advertise a device's presence. In this embodiment,specific information called “wireless identifier” or simply “identify”(described in more detail below) is passed between devices 106 and 108over the short range link 107. By transmitting a wireless identifierusing the short range Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or other short range wirelesslink 107 and receiving wireless identifiers from other devices, thisshort range wireless link 107 will allow for a proximity detectionprocess.

The support for IP based networking is standard for WWAN or 3Gconnections such as 1xEV-DO or HSPA, and as a result, communicationbetween one device to another using the WWAN is currently supported inmany devices with no modification. The use of simple detection of one ormore identifiers requires significantly less resources in a phone thanperforming a complete peer to peer based communication network protocol,which accommodates dynamic configuration of nodes being added anddropped continuously. It is noted that the IP address on the WWANinterface is not location dependent in the present embodiment, but isaddressing approaches are location dependent when true Peer to Peertopologies are used. The present embodiment has the advantage thatcommunication between two devices may continue after the devices haveleft proximity of each other, but in the same manner as they had beencommunicating previously. As a result, a user who detects a short rangetransmission of an identifier, then begins a conversation or some otherinteraction with that device via the wireless wide area network maycontinue that conversation even in the case where the two devices moveout of the proximity of the each other, and are no longer within thereception range of the short range wireless communication protocol.Further, since it is contemplated that the wireless identifierstransmitted on the short range wireless link from the devices wouldoccasionally change, for security reasons, the present embodiment hasthe advantage that ongoing communications between mobile devices willnot be interrupted despite a change in one of the device's identifier.In the case where the identifier is a MAC address of the short rangewireless network adapter for one of the devices, it is not otherwisepossible to change this address and easily maintain on goingcommunications in a true peer to peer topology.

Referring to FIG. 2, central server 100 is connected to the cellularnetwork 101, and is able to communicate information to and from wirelessdevice 202 using a wide area wireless link such as IS-2000, WCDMA, GPRS,EDGE, LTE, Wi-Max (IEEE802.16), or the like within structure 205. Device204 does not have a wide area wireless or cellular link, but transmitsidentifying information using short range wireless link 203. Device 202is capable of receiving the indentifying information and requestinginformation related to that device from server 100.

An example of an application using this infrastructure follows. Thedevice 204 will simply broadcast an identifier, with no WWAN connectionbut may facilitate advertising or local information. For instance, anaccount associated with one or more identifiers may belong to a museum.As a museum patron walks to an exhibit, the patron's device 202 willreceive an identifier sent from museum broadcast device 204 operated bythe museum. The patron device 202 passes the identifier or museum device204 to the central server 100, which in-turn recognizes it as beingassociated with that exhibit within that museum and passes relevantinformation back to the user's device 202. A distinguishing feature ofthis approach relative to prior art is that the patron device 202 inthis example may move out of proximity of broadcast device 204, yetcontinue to view the content being provided by the server 100 related tothe detected broadcast device 204. Content may include text, pictures,web pages, application software such as games, informative displayapplications, or other content such as audio or video to be offered tothe user's device as well. Other examples might include electroniccoupons (such as in a grocery store), menus or special offers in arestaurant.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram with further detail of this operation. Adevice 106, 108, or 202 after performing a search (FIG. 3, step 301) foridentifiers on the WPAN or WLAN, will subsequently use the WWAN link tocommunicate with the central server 100. If the device does not findidentifiers 302 it will either continue to search, or search at a latertime 301. If identifiers are found in 302, the device may employ anaction function 303, which would act as a filter that determines whichof the detected identifiers should be passed to the server. Thisfunction may instead be omitted and all identifiers passed to the server100. The idealized effect of the action function would be to reduce thenumber of requests to the server by not re-requesting recently requestedidentifiers which have already been passed to the server, for someperiod of time. In step 304, if no identifiers require serverinformation, searching is continued in step 301.

Assuming there are identifiers which are new to the device, the devicewill pass along a list of currently detected identifiers and request 305that the server return information related to any other local device.The server will return the information related to any identifier thatmeets certain policy requirements. For instance, information is returnedwhich is 1) relevant to that device, and 2) that the device isauthorized to receive.

As an example of the overall process, a detected identifier may berelevant to the receiving device if the user associated with thedetected identifier is listed in a “friends list” for the owner of thereceiving device. If the identifiers for the individuals within thefriends list have been passed to the device, the action function 303 maymake this determination. In the preferred embodiment, the server woulddetermine the identity and the relevance of the detected identifiers,and the action function 303 would work to reduce frequency ofre-requests to the server. FIG. 7 describes an example of how to usethis for messaging associated with the device and server interactionduring the detection and identifier inquiry process, with a moredetailed explanation to follow.

To enable server 100 to associate an identifier with an entity, eachdevice or entity (such as the museum) associated with an identifier hasan account on server 100 or a related server as is common in informationtechnology. The account is associated with the entity and the device andthe current identifier.

As used herein, an “entity” may be a legal entity, such as an individualperson or a business.

An “object” is intended to include a physical thing, such as a productthat is being offered for sale, and may include a tangible article orintangible such as an electronic music or video file or photograph.

There is various information associated with each account. An exampledata record for an account is shown in FIG. 11. When the account isassociated with an individual or (other entity), there may be personalinformation such as the individual's name, contact information,information regarding allowed communication, such as chat or IM, linksto their other social networking services, and the like. When theaccount is associated with a broadcast device 204 the account maycontain content to be displayed to the detecting device 202. Byutilizing the central server 100, broadcast devices may be tied to alocation or product thereby providing relevant information about thelocation such as in the museum tour example previously discussed. Inthis situation, the content delivered to device 202 may be informativeinformation about an exhibit including pictures, text, audio, or videoand the like. In the case of a broadcast device being in a supermarketand near a specific product, advertisement or discounts with electroniccoupons my be stored in the account and provided to device 202.

There can also be policy based permissions associated with each accountand applied to any information associated with that account. The storedpolicy permissions can be used to determine what information and underwhich situations information may be disclosed to another device or userassociated with another account. For example, the entity (person in thiscase) associated with device 202 may have set a policy in their accountto not receive any unsolicited information from a broadcast device so asto not be disturbed. However, the person associated with 202 may see thebroadcast device and a sign stating a discount is available, and provideinput to their device to request any broadcast information on a one timeexception basis. The messaging associated with an example mobile andbroadcast device process will be described in more detail to followassociated with FIG. 9.

As already mentioned above, in step 301 of FIG. 3, each device performsa search function looking for identifiers sent from other devicesutilizing a short range wireless capability. The following describes theprocess of devices detecting identifiers from other devices in moredetail.

The identifiers themselves may be a hardware address such as the MACaddress of the wireless device, or they may be another label such as theSSID for a IEEE802.11 device, or the device name for a Bluetooth device.Referring to FIG. 4, in the case where a Bluetooth wireless personalarea network device is utilized, a first device 401 transmits an inquiry(ID_Packet) message 404, and any proximal Bluetooth devices 402, 403respond with messages identifying the MAC address, called BD_ADDR inIEEE802.15.1 of each device using a message referred to as an “InquiryResponse” FHS message 405 containing the BD_ADDR or Bluetooth deviceaddress of the detected device. In the Bluetooth standard all devices402, 403 are required to respond in this manner assuming they areenabled to be discoverable. To enable this, an application on the mobiledevice ensures the Bluetooth device is set to discoverable mode. Device1 (401) will attempt to locate Devices on different channels by scanningthe channels and transmitting multiple Inquiry (ID_Packet) messages.Such an example is shown with inquiry exchange 406 and 407 to discoverDevice N (403).

In one embodiment the BD_ADDR or MAC address of the Bluetooth device canbe used as the Identifier and no further Bluetooth interaction isrequired until the next scan process is performed.

In another embodiment, the Bluetooth “Device Name” is used as theidentifier. FIG. 5 shows the process of a first device “Device 1” (501)determining another Bluetooth enabled device's (502) Bluetooth DeviceName. Following the device discovery process completion from FIG. 4,Device 1 501 sends a Page message 503 to another device (Device L 502).Message 504 is sent in response to create a temporary AsynchronousConnectionless Link (ACL) to be established between Device 1 501 andDevice L 502, without an explicit connection request. Not having anexplicit connection request indications the Entity associated withDevice L would not have to provide explicit approval for a connectionfrom their user input on the device, as would be the case if otherservices were requested from the device such as might be the case with awireless headset or remotely connected GPS receiver to a phone. An ACLconnection allows link management packets to be exchanged, and followinginterchanges of messages 505 and 506 to determine features of thedevices, a temporary connection is established between the two devices.A name request message (507) is then sent by Device 1 to Device L, andDevice L responds with at least one LMS_name_res message 508 containingthe Bluetooth device name of Device L 502. If the name is longer thanthat allowed within the LMS_name_res message, additional messages followto allow for the entire name to be delivered. Finally the connection isended with message 509, LMP_detach.

The transmitted identifiers associated with any given device are onlyknown to the central server and the device transmitting the identifiers.These identifiers may change from time to time, making a user's or adevice's identity anonymous over time. The central server and anyparticular device must be coordinated such that the identifier and anydevice transmitting it, remains identifiable by the central server. Thisprocess is coordinated between the wireless device, and the centralserver utilizing the WWAN or cellular data link, carrying messagingbetween them and using an identifier manager 1303 to maintain a list ofdevice identifiers 1302 in a central but secure location. This is shownin more detail in FIG. 13.

Referring to FIG. 6, an example of using on IEEE802.11 link as the shortrange wireless capability is discussed. Generally, Wi-Fi devicesoperation in a so-called infrastructure mode which utilizes a BSS orbasic service set. One component of a infrastructure network basedwireless LAN is the use of a central access point or AP. In a mobilenetwork the use of a central AP is not practical, as only the APtransmits an identifier, which does not meet the requirements of thepreferred embodiment. The second topology for Wi-Fi networks is theso-called Ad-Hoc mode of operations, referred to as an independent basicservice set or IBSS. In an IBSS all devices participating or advertisingtheir interest in participating in an ad-hoc network transmitidentifiers called beacons. These beacons contain the MAC address of thetransmitting network adapter, the basic service set identifier (BSSID),and ad-hoc network name or service set identity (SSID). The BSSID in atypical ad-hoc network is generated by the first station to enter theBSSID and is locally administered, typically a randomly generated 48 bitnumber matching the format of a MAC address. In an ad-hoc network, eachdevice 601, 602, 603 participating or desiring to participate transmitsa beacon. There are several embodiments related using the IBSS beaconsand the identifiers. First the identifier may be used as the MAC addressof the station device or network adapter, and one or both the BSSID andthe SSID may be used to indicate these particular beacons are associatedwith a service. In other embodiments, one or more of the BSSID and theSSID may be used as the identifier. In any of the embodiments fordelivery of the identifier in an IBSS beacon, it is possible tocoordinate the change of those identifiers with the server 100. As theMAC address is always broadcast in any operation of a Bluetooth or Wi-FIlink, the use of a MAC address as an identifier provides for anadditional level of security for the device 601, 602, 603, whenidentifier is changed from time to time as devices may be detected andidentities tracked using a constant MAC address. In the preferredembodiment, where the MAC address is used for the identifier, all thedevices participating would likely have the same network name and SSIDto aid in the identification of the device as being enabled, althoughnot necessarily required. Examples using an 802.11 network in ad-hocmode transmitting beacons are showed as messages 604, 605, and 606.

Chat Example Between Two Mobile Devices

FIG. 7 shows an example of a message flow diagram for an embodimentwhere an individual is in a library for example, and a friend arrives.The individual is notified by their device receiving an identifier thattheir friend is present and they enter a chat session. Each person has adevice (FIG. 1, 106 and 108 respectively) that implements the preferredembodiments described above. The first individual associated with Device1 (702) referred to as Entity 1 (EI1) performs a detection process asdescribed in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 previously (step 704). The deviceidentifier associated with Device 2 (703), DI2 is thereby detected.Device 1 (702) then transmits an inquiry message 705 using the WWAN(cellular data link such as GPRS, EDGE, 1xEV-DO, IS-2000, Wi-Max, LTE,or the like) to the server 701 inquiring if information related to theaccount and entity associated with DI2 is relevant, and available to theentity EI1 associated with Device 1 (702). The server 701 retrieves theaccount information related to EI1 and determines that EI2 is listed ina friends list in the account associated with EI1 and that EI1 should benotified when EI2 is detected. Next the server retrieves the accountinformation associated with EI2 and determines that EI1 is on a list ofentities which are allowed to be notified of EI2 being present andpersonal information such a the name of the individual, their phonenumber and the like. The server having determined that EI1 wants to benotified and is allowed to be notified responds in Step 706 to Device 1(702) with a message indicating the DI2 is relevant to EI1 and includinginformation such as Entity Identifier EI2 and associated details. A userapplication on Device 1 (702) notifies the user that the entityassociated with Device 2 is in proximity in step 707. The user of Device1 provides input to the device directing it to request a chat sessionwith the entity associated with Device 2 (703), and a message 708 issent the server 701 commanding “send ‘Hello’ to EI2”. The serveracknowledges reception of the message with a “ACK” message 709, inreturn. Next server 701 sends “Request Chat: ‘Hello’ from EI1” to Device2 703. The user of Device 2 accepts the chat and returns a message “I′mby the front door” with message 711, sending it to the server to berelayed to device 1 (702).

E-Commerce Between Two Mobile Devices

FIGS. 8A and 8B show a message flow diagram for an embodiment where twoindividuals are performing a financial transaction on the street (forexample, a customer and a street vendor). Each has a device (FIG. 1, 106and 108 respectively) enabled with the preferred embodiments describedabove. In this example, an individual's device would see a vendor andthe vendor's device (enabled with the current invention) would notifythem that the vendor was also enabled with a device supporting theidentifier search and other protocols described above, as well as beingcapable of electronic payments. These steps are performed in thefollowing way. In step 804 the customer's device 802 (Device 1) performsan identifier search process as previously described, and detects adevice identifier 2 (DI2) sent from Device 2 (803) belonging to themerchant. Device 1 will send a message to the server 801 (alsorepresented by 100 in FIG. 1) using the WWAN (cellular data link such asGPRS, EDGE, 1xEV-DO, IS-2000, Wi-Max, LTE, or the like) 104 requestinginformation related to DI2 and its relevance to the entity related todevice 1 802. The server 801 then determines the relevance of DI2 basedon the account properties stored in the account associated with theconsumer Device 1. In this case, the account settings only allowmessages from or notifications of entities on a friends list stored inthe account record (represented in FIG. 10) associated with theconsumer. Server 801 responds to device 802 with “no” indicating thatDI2 is not relevant to the Consumer.

The customer, having an account enabled with electronic payments, andwanting an item the vendor has, would press a button or make other inputto his phone (or other device) which would indicate they would like tomake a purchase and pay using their device (808). In this case the inputselection would be “search for merchants.” The customer's device wouldthen send a message (809) to the central server directing the server toperform a one time search for merchants, despite the current accountsettings. In one embodiment, the server would then direct the consumer'sdevice 802 to initiate another search (809). Other embodiments may notinclude the server commanding Device 1 (802) to perform the search, butrather the search may be performed automatically, or use results from arecent search. In Step 811, Device 1 (802) performs another search anddetects the identifier from Device 2 (803), DI2. Device 1 then sends amessage 812 to the server again requesting information for all relevantdevices detected, which will include at least DI2. In Step 813 theserver, having received the request and list including DI2, looks upaccount information associated with DI2 and determines that theassociated entity is a merchant. As the settings of the accountassociated Device 1 now allow for the notification of the user when amerchant is detected in proximity, DI2 is determined to be relevant toDevice 1 and the Entity 1 (EI1) should be notified. The server thensends a message 814 to Device 1 (802) stating merchant services areavailable in proximity with a list of available merchant's informationincluding information related to the entity (EI2). The user of device 1,Entity 1 (EI1) then provides input in step 815, (pressing a soft key ona touch screen for instance), selecting the specific merchant EI2 toengage with in a transaction. Device 1 (802) will then send a message(816) to the server requesting a transaction with EI2 associated withDevice 2 (803). The server (801) will then respond in this embodimentwith a message 817 to Device 1 confirming receipt of the requestedtransaction and providing information to allow the EI1 associated withDevice 1 to independently confirm the identity of EI2 associated withDevice 2 (803). In this embodiment the identifying information caninclude the name of the merchant, the merchant's logo, a picture of thevendor, or their mobile shopping cart. In other embodiments, the picturemay be of a specific unattended vending machine in the location it iscurrently operating. It may also include other information such as theaddress of the merchant in cases where a fixed store location isprovided. As this particular merchant in this example is a streetvendor, an address may not be used. GPS information stored in theaccount associated with Device 2 may be used as further confirmation insome instances. However, in this example, GPS coordinates are not beavailable on Device 2 due to lack of capability, or Device 2 beingindoors and without sufficient signal to determine a location. FurtherGPS information from Device 1 (802) may be used to provide furtherconfirmation information. In this embodiment the photograph sent inmessage 817 shows a picture of the particular merchant and also his cityissued business license in text and as a picture of where it isdisplayed on the cart. The consumer entity EI1 provides input to Device1 in step 818 confirming the identity of EI2, the merchant entityassociated with Device 2 (803). Device 1 then sends a message 819 to theserver 801 confirming the identity of the merchant.

Server 801 then sends a message 820 to the merchant's device 803notifying them of the request for a transaction with EIL Device 2 (803)then indicates to the merchant that a customer with the capability anddesire to pay electronically is in proximity. In step 821 the customerassociated with Device 1 (802) places an order with the merchantassociated with Device 2 (803) and a list of products to be purchased isgenerated and the merchant provides input to Device 2 (803) to proceedwith a electronic transaction. In step 822 Device 2 performs a scan ofidentifiers and DI1 associated with device 1 (802) and the Consumer isdetected. A request is sent to the server 801 with a list of identifierswhich were detected to determine if any of them are relevant to themerchant. Note that while the merchant device 803, (and the merchant)have now been notified of the desire for EI1 to enter a transaction,they do not necessarily know the identifier for EI1 yet. In otherembodiments, the identifier associated with EI1 and Device 1 (802) maybe sent in message 819, and a confirmation that this identifier isdetected during the scan process 821 may be performed at the device. Inthe preferred embodiment, further security may be provided by the havingthe server perform this function independently. The server performs thisconfirmation in step 824 may matching the device 1 identifier DI1 withthe information stored in the account associated with Entity 1 (EI1)also referred to as the Consumer.

The server than generates a message 825 to Device 2 (803) indicatingthat Ell is relevant, and the transaction participant is present. Themessage in the preferred embodiment can also include a picture of theConsumer. Additionally, the message could also include other pictures ofother individuals allowed to use this device for purchases. If more thanone identifier was detected in step 822 and matched in step 824 toentities having requested transactions previously which are pending forthat merchant, a list of information for each entity involved with apending transaction request can be provided in message 825. The merchantthen selects the correct consumer using the picture of that consumer,confirming the identity of the part to the transaction in step 826. Theconsumer information provided in message 825 in another embodiment maysimply be the name of the customer and the merchant may either ask theirname, or request identification such as a driver's license. In thepreferred embodiment, where a picture is passed in message 825, it isnot necessary that the individual's name be passed to the merchant forthe merchant to be able to provide confirmation of the identity of theConsumer thus providing a level of anonymity to the transaction such asmay be present when cash is used.

Following the confirmation by the merchant of the identity of theConsumer participating in the current transaction in step 826, Device 2sends a message 827 to the server confirming the identity of theConsumer as Entity 1 (E1), and with information required for thetransaction including the list of products to be purchased, theirprices, the total price, and a request to charge E1 this total amount.Server 801 then confirms receipt of this message in step 828. The serverthen sends a message 829 to Device 1 requesting the Consumer to confirmthe list of goods to be purchased and the total price to be paid. Instep 830, the Consumer (Entity 1) reviews the list and amount to be paidand provides input to device 1 confirming the accuracy of theinformation and they the authorizing the server to pay. In step 832 theserver charges E1 utilizing stored preferred charge card information,stored credit, or other payment method such as a PalPal™ user name(PayPal is a trademark of Ebay, Inc.) and password stored in the accountassociated with E1, and charges the consumer. In the case where a storedcredit is used, the Consumer's account can be debited, and the creditsnot applied to the merchants account until a later step. In the case ofa credit card, or PalPal™ transaction, the server provides payment to E2(the merchant) utilizing information stored in the account associatedwith Device 2. The server then indicates payment is made to themerchant, and instructing the merchant to deliver the goods with message833. E2 (the Merchant) then provides the goods and provides input toDevice 2 that the goods have been delivered in step 834. Message 835 isgenerated by Device 2 (803) to the server confirming product delivery,and acknowledging the receipt of the payment confirmation message 833.The server can then send message 836 requesting the Consumer to confirmthey received the goods. If a confirmation is not received in responseto this request, this information may later be used to settle anydispute that might arise. In step 837 the consumer confirms receipt ofthe products, and message 838 is generated to the server confirming thereceipt of goods by the consumer. In Step 839 the server concludes thetransaction by completing any steps required to credit the Merchant withthe payment amount from the Consumer, if required. The server then sendsa message 840 to the Merchant indication the transaction is complete,which is acknowledges in message 841. The Consumer is notified of thecompleted transaction with message 842, which is acknowledged withmessage 843.

Finally, the transaction details may be stored by the server, or sent toa thirdly party server for tracking spending habits of that accountholder, or customers of that merchant allowing the merchant to trackthat specific customer's behavior and cater to them in the future withvarious specials delivered via email, or during their next visit viatheir device in the form of an electronic coupon. This process can beperformed with a goal to help the merchant expose the customer to otherproducts or services the merchant believes the customer might finddesirable.

The present invention can be extended to facilitate other types oftransactions as well. In one specific application, consider use of theinvention to facilitate a transaction such as the rental of anautomobile. A well known business called ZipCar™, presently operating inseveral major urban areas in the United States, makes available a fleetof vehicles for shared use by their club members who pay a monthly feeplus a per use charge. Using the present invention, the club memberwould have a wireless device that serves as the “Consumer device”(Device 1) and the ZipCar vehicle would be equipped with a wirelessdevice serving as the “Merchant” device (Device 2). The consumer wouldwalk up to an available ZipCar vehicle and, using their wireless device,start an initial exchange of identifiers with the desired Merchantdevice, for example, using the short range local wireless network. TheConsumer device and/or Merchant device would send a message to anapplication running on the Server requesting that a person associatedwith an account for the Consumer be granted access to a specific vehicle(e.g., an “object”) that is in the vicinity of and associated with theMerchant device. A set of confirmatory messages (such as to exchangeaccess codes, to confirm the location of the vehicle, the per-use feedue, and payment for the same, etc.), are then typically also exchangedbetween the Consumer and the Merchant device with the assistance of theServer and the long range wireless network. Upon confirmation of thenecessary transaction information, the Server sends a message to theMerchant device to unlock the vehicle requested (which may be sent overthe second long range wireless network or a yet another network, such asa satellite network).

Example of a Mobile Device and a Broadcast Device.

FIG. 9 shows a message flow diagram for an embodiment where anindividual is in the presence of a broadcast device, such as for themuseum example of FIG. 2. As with FIG. 2, the individual device 202 andthe broadcast device 204 are present and enabled. In this example, anindividual 902 is in a grocery store and their device 902 (Device 1)performs a scan for identifiers in step 904, as described previously.DI2 is detected having been transmitted from device 2 (903). Device 1(902) sends a message to server 901 inquiring if DI2 is relevant to theentity associated with Device 1 and if the information associated withthat device identifier (DI2) is available to be returned. In step 906,the server retrieves the accounts associated with both DI2 and Device 1(EI1). The server detects that the entity associated with DI2 is anadvertisement company, and that this device is a broadcast device only,and that there is an electronic coupon available for download to Device1, and multimedia content available to be played if desired.Additionally, the account settings associated with EI1 allow for thenotification of broadcast devices in proximity.

Server 901 then transmits a Response message 907 indicated the presenceof the detected device and the content available. The device 902requests input from the entity associated with the device 901 forpermission to download the coupon, and the availability to play contentsuch as video about how to prepare a recipe using the vendors product.In this case the individual associated with Device 1 accepts thecontent, and a message 909 is sent to the server accepting the content.Response message 910 begins the delivery of the content.

As previously mentioned, several key distinctions of this embodimentinclude that the user of device 902 may walk away out of range form thebroadcast device 903 and continue to receive the content using theircellular link, or may choose to play the content at a later time havingstored the detected like in a favorites list. Additionally, the contentstored in the account associated with the broadcast device 2 (903) isrelevant to the placement of the device and the products near it.Further, as the content is stored in the server 901 rather than in thebroadcast device 903, the content may be updated, modified, or deletedat anytime. For example the server 901 knowing that the consumer hasnever been detected previously, may customize the electronic coupon toprovide a deeper discount than a regularly detected consumer. In thecase where the devices are used for electronic commerce as in FIG. 8,knowledge of the user's past purchases may be used to induce theconsumer to try a new product. Alternatively if the consumer is aregular purchaser a loyalty program may provide a coupon upon aparticular number of repeated purchases.

FIG. 10 is a processing flow chart performed by the server receiving arequest from a device inquiring about the relevant and availability ofinformation associated with detected device identifiers. In step 1001the server is waiting for a request from a device. When a request isreceived in decision 1002, step 1003 is performed. In this step theaccount information associated with the requesting device is retrieved.In step 1004 the information associated with the accounts for each ofthe detected device identifiers is retrieved. In step 1005 the serverperforms a matching process between the policies of the requestingaccount and each of the policies for each account associated with eachdetected device identifier. In step 1006 the information related to thematched policies for the associated entities will be sent to therequesting mobile device.

Just as in the previous example of an identifier being deemed relevantto a user based on a friends list, permission for disclosing a device'spresence may require being on a friends list as well. For example, whena server receives an inquiry from a device with a list of identifiers,it may only respond with information for users associated with theidentifiers that are on that device's friends list, and on each of theindividual's friend lists as well. These friends' lists and policies canbe stored within a user account which allows for disclosure of a user'spresence only to individuals on this list, such as described in FIG. 11(to be described below.)

It is contemplated that the permissions not be an “all or nothing”decision, but that different classes of information may be assigneddifferent permissions and mechanisms. An example of this might be auser's presence, identity, and cart services being made available toonly one set of other accounts (or users), while the presence of ananonymous individual being made available to anyone, but with otherclasses services available such as multi-player games being treateddifferently. Additionally multiple contacts may be included in theaccount, each given customized permissions. An example can be that anyuser may be notified of an anonymous user or other information based onadditional policies.

As only the server contains personal information, and performs theassociation of an account with a particular identifier, it caninherently enforce the security of the policies as a distinct advantagerelative to true peer to peer services. In this way, the central servercontrols the process of passing information related to an account to aparticular requesting device.

FIG. 11 shows an example account record to be associated with an entityand at least one device. The columns of the account record can consistof a Record Index which will be used to described the account, a Fieldwhich is a descriptive name for the contents stored in the record, and aField Information Group Disclosure Policy Assignment List (PAL). The PALprovides rules for the disclosure of the information in the associatedrow in the Field column. The following list are possible PAL entries:

ALL: may be disclosed to any requesting entity EXPLICIT the Entityassociated with the account must provide input APPROVAL: approving thedisclosure of the information NONE: Do not disclose this information toany other entity M: where M is a integer from 1 to N indicating aInformation Group Disclosure Policy which may consist of a list ofcontacts, friends, groups, characteristics, and the like.

Most of the fields in FIG. 11 are self explanatory and typical in theindustry such as the account number, however a few fields are worth aclarifying discussion. The Device identifier is in record index 2, witha Identifier type in record 4. The identifier type can define what typeof identifier the device associated with this account would use. Recordindex 10 is the Entity Type Field. This describes is the entity is aMerchant, Individual, or if the device associated with this account is abroadcast only device.

Referring now to FIG. 12 a timing map reference for scanning times anddormant times for devices is shown. In one embodiment, it is desiredthat the power consumption and scan timing for the devices in a cellularnetwork be reduced. Since the server and the WWAN is involved with allmobile devices, coordination of the broadcasting periods and thesearching periods for the short range radios is possible. This can bebased on a common reference time such as that provided by most cellularsystems, any the time of day clocks inherently within mobile devices.This allows for reduced power consumption and other resource consumptionin the devices. If no coordination is achieved, then the short rangereceivers in each device must be scanning for transmitted identifiersmuch more often and for longer durations. Utilizing a common timingbase, and the central server to notify the devices of a coordinationapproach for “active times” and “non-active times” and will allow forthe devices to minimize the power consumption in the transmission of andscanning for identifiers. This approach also allows for synchronizingthe update of each device's identifier (as described previously) toenhance anonymity and security, coordinated with the central server. The“non-active times” may be used as “boundaries” over which the changingidentifiers may be updated. This update may be based on either directcommunication with the server, or rule and algorithm based updatespreviously coordinated with the central server so as to minimize servermessaging, but allowing the updates to remain synchronized to the serversuch that the device and the server are always associating the sameidentifier between them.

As will be recognized by an individual skilled in the area ofinformation technology, the concept of a central server may well beimplemented as a collection of servers to allow for load balancing,redundancy, and the like in a manor common to the information technologyindustry.

FIG. 13 shows a diagram of functional blocks associated with themanagement of dynamically assigned device identifiers. The Server 1301has an application agent called an Identifier Manager (1303) which hasaccess to a pool of device identifiers (1302). The Identifier Managermonitors timing information and determines when it is time to update aparticular device's identifier. This time may be a regular interval, ora random generated time period by an algorithm such as a pseudo-randomsequence generator, or a combination of both. When it is time to updatea device identifier, Manager 1303 retrieves a new identifier form thepool 1302. The pool of identifiers may be a list or range ofidentifiers, or generated algorithmically. The new identifier is storedin the account associated with the entity determined to require updatingand a message sent to the device 1305 associated with that accountcommanding it to update its device identifier with the new one. Thismessage is sent over the WWAN Data network 1304 such as IS-2000, HSPA,GPRS, IS-95, Edge, Wi-Max, and the like. All devices 1305 to 1307 willeventually all be updated in a similar manner. This update process doesnot disrupt ongoing communication and interaction between devicesdespite the update as the communications are preformed based on theidentity of the entities following the detection of the deviceidentifiers which are no longer utilized. This unique capability allowsfor the updating process to be implemented and not impact theapplications being utilized concurrently.

Other Example Applications Utilizing Still Other Embodiments FollowBelow.

Requiring the brokering of the communication via a central server canalso allow a mobile device to receive information associated with a“broadcast only” device, such as in the museum example discussedpreviously. This is important, as such broadcast devices can enable avast set of new applications built upon the infrastructure developed inthis application, beyond the museum application. Some of theseapplications may involve an electronic commerce aspect, for example.

Electronic Commerce Applications

Ecommerce between a fixed broadcast device and a mobile device

Football Stadium Example

An embodiment of a transaction model, enabled by the infrastructuredescribed above can be an event such as a concert, or sporting event(particularly when it is an indoor venue where no GPS is available). Anumber of the broadcast only devices are placed through out the seatingareas. The devices are very short range, and only transmitintermittently and as a result may be battery powered and to remainactive over a very long time period. Each device can be placed in aknown location, in a predicable manner.

An attendee at the event has his or her device enabled with theidentifier protocol and other embodiments described above. The devicedetects a broadcast device, and interacts over the internet with theserver via the WWAN connection (as already described above). The serverreceives an indication of the broadcast device's identifier and theidentifier of the account associated with the device which detected thebroadcast device. The server retrieves content associated with theservice provider's account and provide that content to the applicationon the requesting mobile device. The content may indicate that the venuehas a product delivery service. The user may then press an indication ontheir device that they would like to see a menu or list of items forsale from the merchant(s) in the venue. The application on the user'sdevice would then allow them to see a menu, for instance, and selectitems to purchase. The user then would be asked to confirm the purchase.The server would then indicate to the merchant that a user located neara specific broadcast device has ordered something. In this case, it isexpected that a delivery fee could also be charged for the enhancedservice. The server would facilitate the purchasing of the goods orservices from the merchant and payment from customer's account, andprovide confirmation to each. Such confirmation can include anelectronic receipt provided to the customer, for user upon arrival ofthe delivery person of the good or service. The customer can then selectan indication on their device confirming receipt of the good or servicevia the mobile device, thereby completing the transfer of funds and thetransition. Optionally, the delivery person of the good or service mayhave an enabled mobile device as well. In this case the identifiers maybe detected by the customer's device and reported to the server toconfirm that the provider's delivery person was present. Further, thedelivery person's device can be able to detect the broadcast device'sidentifier and reported to the server confirming the delivery person wasin the correct area independently. Even further proximity confirmationmay be achieved by the customer's device's transmitted identifier beingdetected by the delivery person's device and reported to the centralserver further confirming the physical proximity of the parties involvedin the transaction. Upon arrival of the delivery person, the customermay be notified that the delivery person is looking for them, and hasarrived. These cross confirmations can allow for the central serverevidence to justify payments both in completed transactions and indisputed or failed transactions. Further, the delivery person mayreceive a picture of the requesting customer assisting to identify thecustomer to whom the food is to be delivered. Once the customer isfound, the delivery person can confirm the delivery of the good orservice to the customer via the user input on their mobile device, andthat confirmation being reported to the central server. The customer canhave the option to report confirmation or denial of the reception of theproduct or service as well, as in the last example.

In another embodiment, the merchant device may be fixed, but have aninternet connection (wireless or otherwise). Further, in someembodiments, the merchant may be an automated device such as a vendingmachine. In such a model, a customer may use their enabled cell phone topurchase an item such as a beverage from the machine without the need toinsert currency into the machine. This can be accomplished by thecustomer's cell phone detecting the vending machine transmission of theidentifier or visa-versa. Following the detection of either thecustomer's identifier by the vending machine, or the customer detectingthe vending machine identifier, the respective device notifies theserver, which in turn provides notification (assuming the accountsettings allow for notification) to the potential customer via theirdevice. Assuming the customer selects to purchase an item from thevending machine using their account associated with their device, thecustomer may be presented a menu as in the example above. The customermay further be presented information to ensure the identity of thevending machine, such as a description of the machine, a machineidentification number, or a (most likely) a picture of the machine whereit is located. The customer can then confirm this is the machine theyare interfacing with, and select to pay via their account. The customermay in one model select the item to dispense by input to their phone, orthey may simply select to provide payment to the machine allowing themto make the selection manually as is the typical mode of operationtoday. The vending machine can then interact with the server via its owninternet connection, and participate in the transaction in a mannersimilar to the mode described above allowing for step by stepconfirmation as previously described.

Electronic Opinion Polling, Tied to a Known Location.

In a much simpler example, such a capability might be used to tie asurvey to a known location in such a way as to provide an e-coupon tothe survey taker on their device in return for completion of the survey.Alternatively, this type of interaction can enable a very large crowd tointeract with a Jumbo-Tron like display to provide input to polls or toparticipate in group activities. Users at different locations in aaudience may form teams and interact with other teams for groupactivities.

Feature Summary of Preferred Embodiments

1. In a first embodiment:

One device is transmitting a wireless identifier using a wirelessprotocol capable of peer to peer communication;

The wireless identifier being associated with a specific account on aserver connected to the internet;

A second device receiving the wireless identifier

The second device capable of communicating with the server over aninternet connection;

The second device requesting information from the service associatedwith the first identifier

-   -   The second device having a second identifier associated with a        second account on the server; and/or    -   The server providing different amounts of information related to        the first account based on the parameters associated with one or        both of the first and second accounts

The identifiers associated with the accounts being updated such that theidentifiers would no longer be recognized as being associated withspecific accounts without past or current interaction with the server;

Using one or more of Cellular network timing information, andinformation form the central server to coordinate the broadcast andsearch times amongst the devices. (to reduce power and resourceconsumption); and/or

Data necessary to engage in an E-commerce transaction may be exchangedas well such as the identity verification such as via a picture and/ormutual identifier detection.

2. In a second embodiment,

A device is capable of operating two wireless protocols simultaneously,utilizing a first wireless protocol in the device to detect theproximity of another wireless device and using the second wirelessprotocol to communicate with a remote server, where:

-   -   a. One or more of the devices are mobile devices;    -   b. Where the first wireless protocol is a local, or personal        area network wireless protocol such as 802.11, Bluetooth, UWB or        other local connectivity protocol;    -   c. Where the first wireless capability used for detecting the        presence of another device, or advertising the presence or a        device;    -   d. Utilizing a wireless wide area data link from one or more of        the wireless devices to, optionally:        -   i. Connect to a central server;        -   ii. Perform user authorization functions;        -   iii. Perform download of information associated with account            identifiers utilizing the short range wireless capability;        -   iv. Request forwarding of messages/packets to the other            active account;    -   e. Utilizing the messaging with a mobile proximity based social        networking capability; and optionally,        -   i. The messaging being performed via the WWAN; and/or    -   f. The server providing a centrally assigned user identity, with        relationship brokering or identification capability.        3. In another embodiment,

A central serving capability is provided to mobile devices utilizing awireless WAN connection to provide and exchange information between oneor more application on one or more wireless devices and the centralserver where

-   -   the information passed to the central server is collected by one        wireless device from another wireless device via a separate        local wireless reception from the other wireless device;    -   the separate local wireless reception from the second wireless        device contains information directly assigned by, derived from,        or known to the central server associated with the identity of        the second wireless device;    -   this identity is related to certain information and preferences        of an account holder associated with an application operating on        the second wireless device;    -   the application is operating on both wireless devices;    -   the application operating on the first device also provides its        own identifying information to the central server as well as        detected identifiers from devices with applications on them;    -   The central server contains account information registered to        the applications running on each wireless device;    -   The preferences associated with the account information also        contain policies related to the disclosure of one account's        stored information to other accounts and hence to their        application on their devices;    -   These policies including a classification of other accounts each        classification having different policies some of these policies        being one of:        -   no not allow notification of my presence        -   allow notification of my presence        -   disclose my name/do not disclose my name        -   disclose age/do not disclose age        -   disclose personal details;    -   Where an application running on each device can optionally        perform point of sale transitions coordinated via the central        server, over the WWAN, utilizing user input on each device as        confirmation of successive steps in the transition;    -   Further, where at least one of the confirmation steps        additionally involves displaying an identifying picture related        to one of the devices, on the other device;    -   Additionally the server performing an authorization for the        transition to a third party;    -   Or, optionally, a device is interacting with a point of sale        device to associate an itemized list of items with a detected        second device;    -   The service performing a confirmation with the application on        the second device requiring user input that the bill of goods        list is correct; and/or    -   The server storing the information related to the second devices        detected account identity and inventory in a database for later        use        4. In still other embodiments, a device in the present invention        has a wireless capability with no WWAN capability, but only with        the ability to broadcast a unique identifier, and    -   A central server stores having the broadcast device's details;    -   And when the first device provides these detail to the server,        authorized and current information about the broadcast device        are provided to the first wireless device;    -   Where this information optionally includes advertising        information or information related to “e-coupons” for special        offers for products or services; and/or        -   Where the content of the e-coupons might be customized based            on the identity of the requesting device or account holder;            -   Where the content is further customized based on other                information known by the server related to the user's                account; or            -   Where the other information is related to the user's                past purchasing practices or previous requests; and/or    -   A mobile device, upon detecting a broadcast device and if        enabled to do so, will report that broadcast Id to the server        over a WWAN, and retrieve the current content from the server        associated with that device and:        -   Display it to the user on their device; or        -   Execute instructions associated with the information            retrieved from the server.            5. In still further embodiments, a good or service delivery            model utilizing the above described broadcast device, is            placed in a known location, and further    -   a. A mobile device is for detecting the fixed device's        identifier via the WPAM/WLAN;    -   b. The mobile device reporting this identifier and passing an        identifier associated with itself, or the account associated        with the user utilizing the device;    -   c. The server determining that the detected broadcast device is        associated with the broadcast device with a known location;    -   d. The server further determining that the identifier is        associated with a service, and further associated with an        account or that service;    -   e. The server retrieving content associated with the service        provider's account and providing that content to the application        on the requesting mobile device;    -   f. Where that content may be a list of items for sale, services        for sale, a opinion pole, food menu, or other menu style content        which allows for user selection of items, which can be        implemented in java code, xml, simple text, or other for example        optionally including active code elements;    -   g. The application on the mobile device displaying the content        to the user display with the itemized list of goods, services,        or other selection items;    -   h. A user providing selection of one or more of the items, and        confirming they wish to purchase said items, and take delivery        at or near the location of the fixed broadcast device;    -   i. The server facilitating the purchasing of the goods or        services from the merchant's account and the customer's account,        and providing confirmation to each. Such confirmation including        an electronic receipt provided to the customer, for user upon        arrival of the deliverer of the good to or service;    -   j. The customer confirming receipt of the good or service via        the mobile device, thereby completing the transfer of funds and        the transition; and/or    -   k. The deliverer of the good or service optionally having a        mobile device and optionally:        -   i. such that identifiers from that device may be detected by            the customers device and reported to the server to confirm            that the provider's delivery person was present;        -   ii. such that the broadcast devices identifier is detected            by the delivery person's mobile device and reported to the            server confirming the deliver person was in the correct area        -   iii. such that the customer's device's transmitted            identifier is detected by the delivery persons device and            reported to the central server further confirming the            physical proximity of the parties involved in the            transaction; and/or        -   iv. The delivery person confirming the delivery of the good            or service to the customer via the user input on their            mobile device, and that confirmation being reported to the            central server.            6. In another embodiment, a software program is arranged to            operate at the application layer on a mobile device, which            interfaces to a device driver interface:    -   Using wi-fi 802.11 to perform a WLAN local connection protocol;        or    -   Using Bluetooth to perform the WLAN local connection;    -   Where the device driver interface is an NDIS driver or the like;    -   Using 1xEVDO, HSDPA, GPRS, EDGE or the like for a wide area WWAN        interface;    -   The application then providing the reported identifiers to a        server, which will make decisions regarding a users interest in        these detected identifiers, and policy regard privacy other        identifiers;        -   The decision process optionally based on priority of the            identifier, the class an identifier belongs to, a list the            identifier is, or is not included on;        -   Based on the result of the action function,        -   Sending at least one detected identifier to the network,            potentially with additional information from the action            function, and retrieving information back from the server            related to that identifiers' account information stored on            that server;        -   The server then receiving a request from a device's            application, with a detected identifier            -   The server examining both the requesting and the                requested identifier's identity and making a policy                decision regarding the release of the requested                identifiers information related to their account;            -   The server in some cases providing a continuously or                periodically changing account or device identifier to a                specific application on a device to enhance the privacy                of the identity of that device;                -   The changing of the identifier may be effected by a                    rule based generation local to the application, or                    may be downloaded from the server directly; and/or                -   The update of the identifier being synchronized to                    such that it is coordinated with predetermined                    scanning and broadcasting periods allowing for a                    known update boundary;                    7. In still another embodiment, a method uses the                    mobile device's time of day derived from the network                    or other reference for    -   synchronizing a PAN/WLAN discovery and advertisement times to        save battery life;    -   doing the same in a synchronized way among multiple devices;    -   while coordinating the timing information utilizing the WWAN and        a central server available commonly to the devices, such as by        -   Synchronizing identifier transmission timing to save power            from WWAN network parameters obtained for the server;        -   Coordinating any identifier updates to this same timing            source; and/or        -   Using a pool of identifiers available to the central server            to assign identifiers to devices changing the identifiers at            some time interval derived for the common time reference            8. In another embodiment,

A central server uses an identity manager to assign identifiers todevices using a WWAN cellular data link, and wherein

-   -   identifiers are occasionally changed    -   identifiers are assigned from a pool of identifiers available to        the servers;    -   identifiers are used as 48 bit media access control (MAC)        addresses of the short range wireless network adapter    -   identifiers are optionally used as        -   an SSID in a IBSS in IEEE-802.11 network beacons        -   a BSSID of the IEEE802.11 network adapter;        -   in a IEEE802.15.1 Inquiry Response Message as the BD_ADDR        -   a device name in a Bluetooth name response packet; or        -   listed in a services list as provided in a LMP_features_req            message or LMP_features_req_ext message for a Bluetooth            device

While this invention has been particularly shown and described withreferences to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may bemade therein without departing from the scope of the inventionencompassed by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for facilitating an exchange ofinformation between first and second wireless devices or entities, themethod utilizing a server performing the steps of: receiving a firstunique identifier communicated over a wide area link from the firstwireless device, receiving a second unique identifier associated withthe second wireless device, the second unique identifier associated withthe second wireless device being communicated to the first wirelessdevice over a local wireless link, and then from the first wirelessdevice to the server over the wide area link, comparing a disclosurepolicy associated with the second unique identifier with the firstunique identifier from the first wireless device or with an identifieror other data derived from the first unique identifier, wherein thedisclosure policy specifies data representing one or more rules forprivacy of information concerning the second wireless device or privacyof information concerning an entity associated with the second wirelessdevice; and communicating further information to the first wirelessdevice as permitted by a result of comparing the disclosure policy, andwherein said further information is based, at least in part, upon astored state resulting from previous interactions utilizing said serverbetween the entities associated with the first and second uniqueidentifiers, and wherein said further information additionally comprisescontent relating to one or more of the following: the current step of amultiple step electronic commerce transaction, wherein said current stepis related to said stored state, a reward for participation in a loyaltyprogram, wherein said reward is dependent upon said stored state, andsocial network content wherein said social network content is dependentupon said stored state, wherein said stored state comprises a friendslist associated with the entity associated with the second wirelessdevice, and wherein said disclosure policy utilized in said step ofcomparing comprises the inclusion of an entity associated with the firstwireless device being included in said friends list and resulting inaccess to the otherwise private social network content of the entityassociated with the second wireless device.
 2. The method of claim 1wherein the first unique identifier is associated with a person and thesecond unique identifier is associated with a business entity.
 3. Themethod of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first or second uniqueidentifiers further comprises one or more of a Media Access Control(MAC) address; a Bluetooth Device Name; a Bluetooth Device Address(BD_ADDR); a Service Set Identifier (SSID); a Basic Service SetIdentifier (BSSID); a services list provided in a LMP_features_reqmessage or LMP_features_req_ext message; an application layeridentifier; an email address; a username; or an account number.
 4. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the data in the disclosure policy specifiesone or more of the following for an entity or person associated with thesecond device: allow/do not allow notification of local presence;disclose personal name/do not disclose personal name; disclose age/donot disclose age; or do or do not disclose other personal details; or door do not disclose information relating an account associated with theentity or person associated with the first or second unique identifier;or do or do not disclose information relating status of a transactionbetween the entity or person associated with the first and the entity orperson associated with the second unique identifier; or do not discloseinformation if the first unique identifier is not authorized; or theauthorization status of the entity associated with the first uniqueidentifier; or the state of a multiple step process.
 5. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the data in the disclosure policy specifies disclosureof information as a function of the identifier of the first wirelessdevice as a requesting entity.
 6. The method of claim 5 wherein theidentifier of the requesting entity is classified as one of may bedisclosed to any requesting entity; a requesting entity associated mustprovide input; approving the disclosure of the information; do notdisclose information to any other entity; or a Information GroupDisclosure Policy which may consist of two or more requesting entitieson a list of contacts, friends, groups, and characteristics.
 7. Themethod of claim 1 additionally comprising, before the step of receivinga second identifier: setting data in the disclosure policy by a entityassociated with the second wireless device.
 8. The method of claim 7wherein the data set by the entity associated with the second wirelessdevice specifies one or more of: they do not wish to receive anyunsolicited information; they do not wish to receive information from abroadcast; or they do wish to receive information from a broadcastdevice advertising a discount.
 9. The method of claim 1 additionallycomprising, before the step of communicating further information to thefirst wireless device; comparing a second disclosure policy associatedwith the first unique identifier with the second unique identifier,wherein the second disclosure policy specifies privacy of communicationconcerning the entity associated with the first wireless device.
 10. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the further information provided to the firstwireless device is dependent upon: a priority of the second wirelessdevice identifier; a class the second wireless identifier belongs to; alist the second wireless identifier is included on; and/or a list thesecond wireless identifier is not included on.
 11. The method of claim 1wherein the further information provided to the first wireless devicefurther comprises at least one of: a visual identifier of a service orindividual; information about an available service; an autoplay script;device capabilities; a content type field specifying one or more of apicture, a media file, XML/AJAX; or login credentials for a socialnetwork; payment information; or instant message credentials; orinformation relating to an electronic transaction with the entity orperson associated with the first or second unique identifiers; orinformation relating to an order placed by the person or entityassociated with the first unique identifier; or a confirmation of a stepin the sending of a mobile payment or money transfer to an entityassociated with the second wireless device; or a music file; or a videoor movie file.
 12. The method of claim 1 wherein before the step of theserver comparing the discloser policy associated with second uniqueidentifier, the first wireless device has performed the steps of:scanning for and receiving unique identifiers associated with two ormore wireless devices associated with a merchant entity located inproximity to the first wireless device; presenting a list of detectedmerchant unique identifiers to a person associated with the firstwireless device; and receiving input from the person indicating aselection of one of the wireless devices in proximity as the secondunique identifier; and sending the second unique identifier to theserver.
 13. The method of claim 1 additionally comprising, before thestep of communicating further information to the first wireless device:receiving a message from the server indicating an entity associated withthe second wireless device has performed an action indicating approvalof receiving the further information.
 14. The method of claim 13additionally comprising, before the step of communicating furtherinformation to the first wireless device: comparing the disclosurepolicy associated with the first unique identifier with a seconddisclosure policy associated with the second unique identifier, todetermine that each of the respective communication privacy preferencesspecifies that communication with a wireless device associated with theother respective unique identifier is permitted.
 15. The method of claim1 additionally comprising: notifying the first and second wirelessdevices of common timing reference information specifying active timesand non-active times for the steps of receiving the first and secondunique identifiers.
 16. A server apparatus for facilitating an exchangeof information between first and second wireless devices or entities,the server comprising: a receiver, for receiving a first uniqueidentifier communicated over a wide area network from the first wirelessdevice, and for receiving a second unique identifier associated with thesecond wireless device, the second unique identifier associated with thesecond wireless device having been prior communicated to the firstwireless device over a local wireless link, and then received from thefirst wireless device by the server over the wide area network; a dataprocessor, for locating a disclosure policy associated with the secondunique identifier and comparing the disclosure policy to the firstunique identifier received from the first wireless device or with anidentifier or other data derived from the first unique identifier,wherein the disclosure policy specifies data representing one or morerules for privacy of information concerning the first and secondwireless devices; and a transmitter, for communicating furtherinformation to the first wireless device as permitted by the disclosurepolicy, and wherein said further information is based, at least in part,upon a stored state resulting from previous interactions between theentities associated with the first and second unique identifiers, andwherein said further information additionally comprises content relatingto one or more of the following: the current step of a multiple stepelectronic commerce transaction, wherein said current step is related tosaid stored state, a reward for participation in a loyalty program,wherein said reward is dependent upon said stored state, and socialnetwork content wherein said social network content is dependent uponsaid stored state, wherein said stored state comprises a friends listassociated with the entity associated with the second wireless device,and wherein said disclosure policy utilized in said step of comparingcomprises the inclusion of an entity associated with the first wirelessdevice being included in said friends list and resulting in access tothe otherwise private social network content of the entity associatedwith the second wireless device.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16 whereinthe first unique identifier is associated with a person and the secondunique identifier is associated with a business entity.
 18. Theapparatus of claim 16 wherein at least one of the first or second uniqueidentifiers further comprises one or more of a Media Access Control(MAC) address; a Bluetooth Device Name; a Bluetooth Device Address(BD_ADDR); a Service Set Identifier (SSID); a Basic Service SetIdentifier (BSSID); a services list provided in a LMP_features_reqmessage or LMP_features_req_ext message; an application layeridentifier; an email address, a user name, or an account number.
 19. Theapparatus of claim 16 wherein the data in the disclosure policyspecifies one or more of the following for an entity or personassociated with the second device: allow/do not allow notification oflocal presence; disclose personal name/do not disclose personal name;disclose age/do not disclose age; or do or do not disclose otherpersonal details; or do or do not disclose information relating anaccount associated with the entity or person associated with the firstor second unique identifier; or do or do not disclose informationrelating status of a transaction between the entity or person associatedwith the first and the entity or person associated with the secondunique identifier; or do not disclose information if the first uniqueidentifier is not authorized; or the authorization status of the entityassociated with the first unique identifier; or the state of a multiplestep process.
 20. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the data in thedisclosure policy specifies disclosure of information as a function ofthe identifier of the first wireless device as a requesting entity. 21.The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the identifier of the requestingentity is classified as one of may be disclosed to any requestingentity; a requesting entity associated must provide input; approving thedisclosure of the information; do not disclose information to any otherentity; or a Information Group Disclosure Policy which may consist oftwo or more requesting entities on a list of contacts, friends, groups,characteristics, circles, or followers.
 22. The apparatus of claim 16wherein the processor: receives data for the disclosure policy from aperson associated with the second wireless device.
 23. The apparatus ofclaim 22 wherein the data from the person associated with the secondwireless device specifies one or more of: they do not wish to receiveany unsolicited information; they do not wish to receive informationfrom a broadcast; or they do wish to receive information from abroadcast device advertising a discount.
 24. The apparatus of claim 16additionally wherein the processor further compares a second disclosurepolicy associated with the first unique identifier with the secondunique identifier, and wherein the second disclosure policy specifiesprivacy of communication for the first wireless device.
 25. Theapparatus of claim 16 wherein the further information provided to thefirst wireless device is dependent upon: a priority of the secondwireless device identifier; a class the second wireless identifierbelongs to; a list the second wireless identifier is included on; and/ora list the second wireless identifier is not included on.
 26. Theapparatus of claim 16 wherein the further information provided to thefirst wireless device comprises at least one of: a visual identifier ofa service or individual; information about an available service; anautoplay script; device capabilities; a content type field specifyingone or more of a picture, a media file, XML/AJAX; or login credentialsfor a social network; payment information; or instant messagecredentials; or information relating to an electronic transaction withthe entity or person associated with the first or second uniqueidentifiers; or information relating to an order placed by the person orentity associated with the first unique identifier; or a confirmation ofa step in the sending of a mobile payment or money transfer to an entityassociated with the second wireless device; or a music file; or a videoor movie file.
 27. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the server receivesthe first wireless identifier from a first wireless device that furthercomprises: a scanner for receiving unique identifiers associated withtwo or more wireless devices associated with a merchant entity locatedin proximity to the first wireless device; a display for presenting alist of detected merchant unique identifiers to a person associated withthe first wireless device; a receiver for receiving input from theperson indicating a selection of one of the wireless devices inproximity as the second unique identifier; and a transmitter for sendingthe second unique identifier to the server.
 28. The apparatus of claim16 wherein the processor additionally: receives a message from the firstwireless device indicating a person associated with the first wirelessdevice has performed an action indicating approval of receiving thefurther information.
 29. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the processorfurther compares, a disclosure policy associated with the first uniqueidentifier with a second disclosure policy associated with the secondunique identifier to determine that the each of the respectivecommunication privacy preferences specifies that communication with awireless device associated with the other respective unique identifieris permitted.
 30. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the transmitterfurther sends, to the first and second wireless devices, common timingreference information specifying active times and non-active times forthe steps of receiving the first and second unique identifiers.
 31. Amethod for facilitating an exchange of information between first andsecond wireless devices or entities, the method utilizing a serverperforming the steps of: receiving a first unique identifiercommunicated over a wide area link from the first wireless device,receiving a second unique identifier associated with the second wirelessdevice, the second unique identifier associated with the second wirelessdevice being communicated to the first wireless device over a localwireless link, and then from the first wireless device to the serverover the wide area link, comparing a disclosure policy associated withthe second unique identifier with the first unique identifier from thefirst wireless device or with an identifier or other data derived fromthe first unique identifier, wherein the disclosure policy specifiesdata representing one or more rules for privacy of informationconcerning the second wireless device or privacy of informationconcerning an entity associated with the second wireless device; andcommunicating further information to the first wireless device aspermitted by a result of comparing the disclosure policy and whereinsaid further information is based in part upon a stored state, utilizingsaid server, wherein setting of said state involved previous receptionof at least one identifier associated with one of said entities bydevices associated with the respective other of said entities andwherein said further information additionally comprises content relatingthe current step of a multiple step electronic commerce transaction,wherein said current step is related to said stored state.
 32. Themethod of claim 31, wherein said further information comprises aconfirmation of a step in a multiple step electronic commercetransaction.
 33. The method of claim 32 wherein the further informationrequests input from a user of the second wireless device to complete theconfirmation in a step of said multiple step electronic commercetransaction.
 34. The method of claim 33 wherein each step of themultiple step electronic commerce transaction requires interactionbetween the entity associated with the first wireless device, or theentity associated with the second wireless device, wherein each of saidentities are together or separately involved with at least one step.